This proved to be a very wide-ranging critique of industrialization and one that was echoed by many of the Marxist historians who studied the industrial revolution in the 20th century. He argued that the industrial workers had lower incomes than their pre-industrial peers and they lived in more unhealthy and unpleasant environments. He focused on both the workers' wages and their living conditions.
Before the introduction of mills, 1,006 out of 10,000 adults died before reaching 39 years old after their introduction, the death rate rose to 1,261 out of 10,000.Įngels' interpretation proved to be extremely influential with British historians of the Industrial Revolution. Before the introduction of mills (1779–87), 4,408 out of 10,000 children died before age five, while after the introduction of mills, the figure rose to 4,738. An interesting example highlights the increase in the overall death-rates in the industrial town of Carlisle. The overall death-rate in Manchester and Liverpool was significantly higher than the national average (1 in 32.72, 1 in 31.90 and even 1 in 29.90, compared with 1 in 45 or 46). He shows, for example, that in large industrial cities such as Manchester and Liverpool, mortality from disease (such as smallpox, measles, scarlet fever and whooping cough) was four times that in the surrounding countryside, and mortality from convulsions was ten times as high. In Condition, Engels argues that the Industrial Revolution made workers worse off.
It was written during Engels' 1842–44 stay in Manchester, the city at the heart of the Industrial Revolution, and compiled from Engels' own observations and detailed contemporary reports.Īfter their second meeting in 1844, Karl Marx read and was profoundly impressed by the book.
Engels' first book, it was originally written in German an English translation was published in 1887. The Condition of the Working Class in England ( German: Die Lage der arbeitenden Klasse in England) is an 1845 book by the German philosopher Friedrich Engels, a study of the industrial working class in Victorian England.
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